Nursing Management in patients with Hallucinations

Hallucinations are false impressions, responses and sensory experiences (Stuart, 2007).

According to Stuart, 2007, types of hallucinations include:

1. Auditory hallucinations 70%
Characterized by hearing voices, especially the voices of people, usually the client hears the voice of people who are talking about what he is thinking and ordered to do something.

2. Visual hallucinations 20%
Characteristic in the presence of visual stimuli in the form of light rays, geometric images, cartoon images and / or extensive and complex panoramas. Vision can be fun or scary.

3. Olfactory hallucinations
Characteristics are characterized by the presence of foul odors, fishy and disgusting odors such as: blood, urine or feces. Sometimes it smells good. Usually associated with strokes, tumors, seizures and dementia.

4. Touch hallucinations (tactile)
Characteristics are characterized by pain or discomfort without visible stimulus. Example: feel the sensation of electricity coming from the ground, inanimate objects or other people.

5. Gustatory hallucinations
Characteristics are characterized by feeling something rotten, fishy and disgusting, feeling a taste like the taste of blood, urine or feces.

6. Synestetic hallucinations
Characteristics are characterized by feeling bodily functions such as blood flowing through veins or arteries, digested food or urine formation.

7. Kinesthetic hallucinations
Feel the movement while standing without moving.

Nursing Management in patients with Hallucinations :

1. Creating a therapeutic environment
To reduce the level of anxiety, panic and fear of patients due to hallucinations, it is better at the beginning of the approach to do individually and try to make eye contact, if the patient can be touched. Patients should not be isolated either physically or emotionally. Each nurse enters the room or approaches the patient, talk to the patient. Likewise if the nurse will leave the patient should be notified. The patient is told what action to take.
In this room facilities should be provided that can stimulate attention and encourage patients to connect with reality, such as wall clocks, pictures or wall hangings, magazines and games

2. Carry out a doctor's therapy program
Often patients refuse the drugs given in connection with the hallucinations they receive. The approach should be persuasive but instructive. Nurses must observe that the drugs given are correct in their cell, as well as the reaction of the drugs given.

3. Exploring patient problems and helping to overcome existing problems
After the patient is more cooperative and communicative, the nurse can explore the patient's problem which is the cause of hallucinations and help overcome the existing problem. This data collection can also be through the patient's family information or other people close to the patient.

4. Give activity to the patient
Patients are invited to activate themselves to perform physical movements, for example exercising, playing or doing activities. This activity can help direct patients to real life and foster relationships with others. Patients are invited to arrange an activity schedule and choose the appropriate activities.

5. Involve family and other staff in the care process
The patient's family and other officers should be informed of patient data so that there is unity of opinion and continuity in the nursing process, for example from conversations with patients it is known that when he is alone he often hears men who are mocking. But if there are other people nearby the voices are not heard clearly. Nurses recommend that patients do not be alone and occupy themselves in existing games or activities. This conversation should be told to the patient's family and other officers so as not to leave the patient alone and the advice given does not conflict.